Comparison of apicomplexan metabolism
| Metabolic capability | Pfa | Tgo | Nca | Cmu | Cpa | Cho | Bbov | Tpa | Ta |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2-Methylcitrate cycle | |||||||||
| Electron transport chain | |||||||||
| Conventional Complex III/ Complex IV pathway | |||||||||
| Alternative Oxidase | |||||||||
| ATP synthase complex | |||||||||
| Glutamine utilization and GABA shunt | |||||||||
| Glyoxalase metabolism | |||||||||
| Mannose and fructose metabolism | |||||||||
| Fructose/Mannose to GDP-mannose conversion | |||||||||
| GDP-mannose to GDP-fucose conversion | |||||||||
| Mannitol dehydrogenase | |||||||||
| Pentose phosphate cycle | |||||||||
| Oxidative phase | |||||||||
| PRPP generation | |||||||||
| Erythrose-4-phosphate generation | |||||||||
| Pyruvate metabolism | |||||||||
| Pyruvate oxidation into acetyl-CoA | |||||||||
| Apicoplast Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex | |||||||||
| Euglena like Pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) | |||||||||
| Anaplerotic reactions | |||||||||
| Acetyl-CoA synthase and acetyltransferases | |||||||||
| Acetate to ethanol conversions | |||||||||
| Starch and glactose metabolism | |||||||||
| Starch synthesis and hydrolysis | |||||||||
| Galactose metabolism | |||||||||
| Trehalose synthesis | |||||||||
| UDP-xylose generation | |||||||||
| TCA cycle | |||||||||
| Alanine synthesis | |||||||||
| Asparagine synthesis from aspartate | |||||||||
| Glutamate metabolism | |||||||||
| Glutamate to glutamine | |||||||||
| Proline biosynthesis from glutamine | |||||||||
| Glycine, serine and cysteine metabolism | |||||||||
| Serine biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Serine to glycine conversion | |||||||||
| Glycine cleavage system | |||||||||
| Serine to cysteine synthesis | |||||||||
| Serine to glycerate interconversion | |||||||||
| Cysteine to pyruvate conversion | |||||||||
| Leucine, isoleucine and valine degradation | |||||||||
| Part degradation | |||||||||
| Complete degradation into propanoyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA | |||||||||
| Lysine biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Lysine metabolism | |||||||||
| To 5'-aminopentanoate | |||||||||
| To saccharopine | |||||||||
| Methionine and Polyamine metabolism | |||||||||
| Methionine metabolism | |||||||||
| Ornithine to Polyamine synthesis | |||||||||
| Polyamine salvage and reverse conversion | |||||||||
| Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism | |||||||||
| Synthesis of tyrosine and L-DOPA | |||||||||
| Phenylalanine and tyrosine degradation | |||||||||
| Arginine and proline metabolism | |||||||||
| Proline metabolism to ornithine | |||||||||
| Arginine conversion to ornithine | |||||||||
| Proline hydroxylation | |||||||||
| Selenocysteine biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Threonine biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Tryptophan synthesis from indole | |||||||||
| Fatty acid biosynthesis in the apicoplast (FAS II) | |||||||||
| Fatty acid elongation in cytosol (FAS I) | |||||||||
| Fatty acid elongation in ER (Elongase pathway) | |||||||||
| Fatty acid recycling and degradation | |||||||||
| Isoprene biosynthesis | |||||||||
| N-Glycan biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Phosphatidylcholine metabolism | |||||||||
| O-phosphoethanolamine to choline phosphate conversion | |||||||||
| Choline to phosphatidylcholine synthesis | |||||||||
| Phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis | |||||||||
| Choline to betaine conversion | |||||||||
|
Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine metabolism |
|||||||||
| Phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis from ethanolamine | |||||||||
| Phosphatidylserine synthesis from phosphatidylethanolamine | |||||||||
| Phosphatidylserine synthesis from CDP-diacylglycerol | |||||||||
| Phosphatidylethanolamine hydrolysis | |||||||||
| Cardiolipin synthesis | |||||||||
| Sphingomyelin and ceramide metabolism | |||||||||
| Ceramide biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Sphingomyelin synthesis from ceramide | |||||||||
| Glucosylceramide synthesis from ceramide | |||||||||
| Sphingomyelin hydrolysis to ceramide | |||||||||
| Purine metabolism | |||||||||
| Adenosine salvage and metabolism | |||||||||
| Salvage of inosine/ guanosine/ xanthine etc and HGXPRTase | |||||||||
| Pyrimidine metabolism | |||||||||
| Pyrimidine biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Pyrimidine salvage | |||||||||
| Folate metabolism | |||||||||
| Folate biosynthesis | |||||||||
| dTMP cycle and folate recycling | |||||||||
| Molybdopterin synthesis | |||||||||
| Biopterine synthesis | |||||||||
| Lipoic acid metabolism | |||||||||
| Lipoic acid synthesis in apicoplast | |||||||||
| Lipoic acid salvage and lipoylation in mitochondria | |||||||||
| Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism | |||||||||
| NAD synthesis from nicotinate/nicotinamide | |||||||||
| NAD phosphorylation to NADP | |||||||||
| Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Pantothenate synthesis from valine | |||||||||
| CoA synthesis from pantothenate | |||||||||
| Porphyrin metabolism | |||||||||
| Porphyrin biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Heme salvage and degradation | |||||||||
| Pyridoxal phosphate metabolism | |||||||||
| Pyridoxal synthesis | |||||||||
| Pyridoxal salvage and phosphorylation | |||||||||
| Riboflavin salvage and FAD synthesis | |||||||||
| Shikimate biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Thiamine metabolism | |||||||||
| Thiamine biosynthesis | |||||||||
| Thiamine salvage and pyrophosphorylation |
Shows the presence of the pathway/pathway branch in the organisms specified.
Shows the absence of the pathway/pathway branch in the organisms specified.
The full names of the abbreviations used for the organisms above are given here. Pfa - Plasmodium falciparum, Tgo - Toxoplasma gondii, Nca - Neospora caninum, Cmu - Cryptosporidium muris, Cpa - Cryptosporidium parvum, Cho - Cryptosporidium hominis, Bbov - Babesia bovis, Tpa - Theileria parva & Ta - Theileria annulata.
